dr_phil_physics: (Default)
A Question

So a student asked at the beginning of class today, "What's this incident in Pennsylvania that they keep talking about on the news?"

Now let's be fair here. The student had heard of Three Mile Island. And Chernobyl. But the talking heads on the TV, while covering Japan, keep mentioning Three Mile Island and Chernobyl like you know what they're talking about. And then there's the simple fact that while Three Mile Island and Chernobyl were bigtime events in my life, 1979 and 1986 respectively were both before nearly all of my students in both classes were born.

I noticed in passing through channels late Monday night that Rachel Maddow on MSNBC was doing a heroic job of explaining terms, putting in historical context and making sure she was interpreting what the statements about the nuclear reactor woes in Japan were and more importantly were not saying. Then had a real nuclear physicist indicate whether she'd done a good job. She had. Rachel prepares her material better than anyone on television.

So Some Background

This afternoon I cobbled up a short list of links for my students, which I'll put here. Yes, it's Wikipedia, but they do a pretty good job of aggregating information on events like this:

# Japanese Reactors Fukushima I (Units 1-4) (ongoing 2011).
# Three Mile Island (1979).
# Chernobyl (1986).
# Article on Michigan and Midwest nuclear reactors.

The most interesting quote from the last article:
In one corner, there are those like Don Williams, a “seriously pro-nuke” retired Hope College professor, who has studied the industry and advocates for more nuclear energy.

He doesn’t think what happens in Japan should have any bearing on U.S. nuclear policy.

“But it will,” he concedes.

“Those poor people over there, they planned on a 25-foot tsunami and they got a 30-foot one. What are the chances of that?” Williams said.

I spent some time in both classes talking a little bit about the ongoing situation in Japan, which is steadily deteriorating. But from halfway around the world, and not precisely my area of expertise, except in the most general Physics teaching sense, it's hard to know exactly how bad this is or how bad it will get.

It's easy to make dire pronouncements about nuclear power global or awful predictions about what might happen in Japan. Easily lost in all this, which Williams referred to above, is that they did plan for a bad earthquake -- and the ten reactors involved got through that relatively in good shape. They did plan for a tsunami -- but what hit the Fukushima I Nuclear Power Station was far greater than they planned for. And this story is far from over.

Fictional References

The China Syndrome (film) vs. The China Syndrome (fact) -- a reference to a core meltdown burning through the bottom of a containment structure and "can't stop until it reaches China". The movie came out in 1979, just 12 days before Three Mile Island.

Finally, growing up one of my favorite disaster novels was the 1975 nuclear power plant meltdown story The Prometheus Crisis by Thomas H. Scortia and Frank N. Robinson. Typical of this type of book, you have a rather contrived set of multiple circumstances -- the two authors also wrote The Glass Inferno, which was combined with The Tower to make the movie The Towering Inferno. No doubt if I read The Prometheus Crisis today, it wouldn't hold up nearly as well as I think it might. (grin)

Dr. Phil
dr_phil_physics: (freezing-rose)
A Disaster With No End In SIght

The BP oil platform Deepwater Horizon disaster off the coast of Louisiana, which began with its explosion on 20 April 2010, is rapidly becoming one totally incompetent fuck up. Actually, calling it an "oil spill" is a little disingenuous -- a spill is a one-off and suggests remediation and cleanup will fix it. This is ongoing and gushing.

210,000 gallons of oil a day -- counting it in barrels makes the problem sound more manageable. But by Sunday it's some 1,600,000 gallons of oil and growing.

Don't Make Me Laugh

Some are already calling this President Obama's Katrina. Yeah, right. Hurricane Katrina was a natural disaster which was mishandled badly by the U.S., state and local governments. This was a manmade disaster mismanaged badly by BP. One where they assured the government they were on top of things, they had it under control and there was no threat of a wider spill. If the Obama administration is guilty of anything right now, it's allowing the beloved principle of self-policing to run its course until it was obvious that it wasn't working. Hell, BP didn't even know the magnitude of the problem.

As for the "delay" in Obama traveling to the area, what the hell was he going to see? Why people would just call it grandstanding. Now that oil is or is about to spoil the shoreline, NOW there's something to see.

Some of this isn't news to people who follow off-shore drilling. This article lists several issues including the lack of a switch which could allow BP to remotely shut off the well head some 5000 feet on the bottom of the ocean.

The Wall Street Journal reports that the well lacked a remote-control shut-off switch that is required by Brazil and Norway, two other major oil-producing nations. The switch, a back-up measure to shut off oil flow, would allow a crew to remotely shut off the well even if a rig was damaged or sunken. BP said it couldn't explain why its primary shut-off measures did not work.

U.S. regulators considered requiring the mechanism several years ago. They decided against the measure when drilling companies protested, saying the cost was too high, the device was only questionably effective, and that primary shut-off measures were enough to control an oil spill.


Self-policing and self-regulating industries. Yeah, works real good. Congress and Wall Street -- are you listening yet?

Expect gas prices to spike this summer. Shrimp prices, assuming you can get shrimp, will jump, too. Guess Wall Streeters will have to pull out extra hundred dollar bills to pay for those jumbo shrimp cocktails at dinner...

I Have Two Words For All This

THIS SUCKS.

Dr. Phil
dr_phil_physics: (rolling-stone-boat-2)
Taking Out The Garbage

Last week the temps were in the 30s and 40s. This week the temps are in the 40s and 50s. Indeed, one road thermometer in K-zoo this afternoon was saying 58°F, though I consider it an anomaly. Still, a Grand Rapids billboard at US-131 and 84th Street read 51°F at 5:45pm.

Dragging the garbage can out to the road behind the Blazer's trailer hitch was so different. Last week the driveway was still a thick sheet of ice. This week? It's 85% clear and the last ice sheet, which hides in the shade of the big pine trees, is rotted with deep tire tracks and will melt up fast now that it's broken. I have to tell you, getting the gravel driveway redone with slag was such a great move. It drains really, really well and we don't have any worn low spots or standing water.

That Last Snow

The last serious snow we had began as freezing rain, so the bottom of the snow everywhere has this thick hard base. The interesting result is that vast expanses of snow away from the roadway has remained blazingly white all the way down to the hard base. Looks like thick frosting, rather than the usual sad end-of-the-snow. We had sun nearly all last week and the fields of white made it all even brighter, even with the lower sun angles of early March.

And After A Week Of Nice Weather...

Construction season has erupted in Michigan. Lane closures, road closures... with a major closure of I-196 east of downtown Grand Rapids happening in early April. Lovely. (grin)

And Yet...

M-43 West Main in Kalamazoo had a sea of vehicles and lane closures getting from US-131 to campus. They're stringing up new traffic lights. I'm assuming that they're putting up lightweight plastic housings with LED lamps. Saves a bundle on the energy costs. Unfortunately, they're discovering that since LEDs don't generate heat like incandescent bulbs, snow and ice don't melt off of these new traffic lights. So the brighter LED lights get obscured. And the weight of ice buildups either causes the traffic lights to come crashing down or for big ice chunks to come crashing down. Either way, cars are getting damaged because of the obsession with energy savings over any other criteria. Really? Thanks. Good engineering. Trying to get a job at Toyota?

Reminds me of the obsession with getting rid of those nasty incandescent light bulbs and replacing them with those lousy compact fluorescents. All without spending any more than lip service about the question of mercury. Come on guys! You break one of these CFL bulbs in a work place and it's considered a hazmat operation! Let's outlaw light bulbs BEFORE we address this issue! Good call! (not)

Am I the only person who is rational on this planet? (sigh) Oh wait -- this was supposed to be a nice piece on the nice weather and not a rant.

I really am in a pleasant mood. Really.

Dr. Phil
dr_phil_physics: (Default)
Null Heat Pump

Back in April we had The 2009 Great Heating and Cooling Project. Above 32°F, heating is done by the Goodman 2-ton heat pump. Basically, it's an air conditioner run backwards, so hot exhaust gets dumped inside and the outside gets the cold air. Amazing that it actually works.

It's also a little bit odd, because the air coming out of the ductwork isn't hot-hot, like the warm arm when the furnace is running.

Last Wednesday I realized that the heat pump wasn't really warming the house. Outside temp was near freezing, about 34°F. Overnight we let the house cool down, but in the morning after running for an hour-and-a-half it had only gone from about 68°F to 69-70°F. Later in the morning I raised the set point again and after 45 minutes, again only 68°F to 69°F. So I shut down the heat pump and switched to the furnace full-time. Went from 69°F to 72°F in 10-15 minutes. Ah... warm.

Strange Noises

The other symptom: late one night, when the outside temp was 36°F and the heat pump had been running, I heard a 10-15 second long grinding noise -- like the compressor was restarting. Heard that sound during the long not-so-much-warming incidents on Wednesday, too. Hmm...

Overfilled At The Plant?

My heating and cooling guy, Greg, checked out the heat pump and found that it was running, both in heating mode and cooling mode. Worked real good as an air conditioner when the outside temp is 47°F. (grin) The pressure and amps were a bit high, as if it were working a little harder than normal, but it wasn't out of refrigerant (my initial guess). He wondered about the TX transfer valve, the valve on the inside of the heat exchanger that has to switch between heating and cooling. He left to go get a TX valve, but the supplier said that the manufacturer had reported that some heat pumps had shipped with too much refrigerant, up to two pounds, which would cause too high a pressure and in cold weather, i.e., the unit might've been freezing up.

The installation papers had pressure charts for AC mode in temps above 60°F, but not in heat mode. Greg was able to get those figures and found the pressure while running to be high. So he hooked up a tank and removed some of the refrigerant to bring the pressures down to the new tables he'd gotten for heat mode. Reweighed his tank and it was nearly two pounds heavier. Considering the total charge is supposed to be five pounds, it was definitely overcharged at the plant.

Huh

Running the heat pump, the air coming from the vents actually felt warm -- still not hot like with the furnace, but I wasn't expecting that. AC mode would've been working okay, given that the outside temps would've been hire, but the amps to the compressor have dropped so it will run more efficiently in the future. In the spring, when the weather is back up to 70°F, Greg will come back and check the pressures for cooling mode.

While it is annoying that someone screwed up at the plant, it helps that the heat pump and the furnace complement each other, so we have a back-up heat source. (grin) Of course, it's now about 60°F outside, so the heat isn't running. But hopefully we're back up to full power.

Dr. Phil
dr_phil_physics: (Default)
End of Day Two

The 2009 Great Heating and Cooling Project continues, but is not finished. See, even the other day the weather forecast for Wednesday and Thursday was clear or at least partly sunny. Instead, the heavy rains came back. "Rain starting about noon," said last night's forecast, but later added, "rain after dawn..." Um, which is it, sparky? Let's go with the Rain All Day scenario, apparently.

Plenty of work for a whole day of banging and clanging, though. The kitties are a little frazzled, since all this was going on next door to their room. Probably ruined a whole day of busy sleeping.

Heat pump refrigerant does not like water, so my heating & cooling guy decided to come tomorrow and do the fill in the absence of heavy rain. Good call, I say. But that means the new thermostat controller will have to be rewired tomorrow, as the primary heat source is moved from furnace to heat pump. Since we didn't have the heat pump. Can't the controller just figure that out? Shouldn't this be a menu choice, just in case -- oh let's go out on a limb here -- the heat pump or the furnace should fail?

Can't We Just Have An ON Button?

We're used to just bumping the thermostat up or down at various times of the day. It is going to take some time to adjust to some sort of smart controller. There are times, however, when all we want is a menu choice that shifts to an idiot screen -- HOT ON, COOL ON, EVERYTHING OFF -- and leave it at that.

Seriously.

Dr. Phil

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